Geographic variation in the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the sunny perspective
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Study at a glance
- Area
- ADHD & Attention
- Study type
- Observational study
- Authors
- Arns M, van der Heijden KB, Arnold LE, Kenemans JL
- Journal
- Biological Psychiatry
- Year
- 2013
Key findings
- More sunlight went with lower ADHD prevalence
- Not seen for autism or depression
ADHD rates across 49 US states and nine other countries were compared with average sunlight intensity. Places with more sunlight had less ADHD, explaining roughly a third to over half of the variation, even after allowing for income, birth weight and latitude, and the link did not hold for autism or depression. The authors suggest better-regulated body clocks may explain it.