Research › QEEG, Methods & Mechanisms
Classification and Evaluation of the Pharmacodynamics of Psychotropic Drugs by Single-Lead Pharmaco-EEG, EEG Mapping and Tomography (LORETA)
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Study at a glance
- Area
- QEEG, Methods & Mechanisms
- Study type
- Review & meta-analysis
- Authors
- Saletu B, Anderer P, Saletu-Zyhlarz GM, Arnold O, Pascual-Marqui RD
- Journal
- Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology 24(Suppl C):97-120
- Year
- 2002
- Protocol
- pharmaco-EEG, EEG mapping and LORETA
Key findings
- Each main class of psychotropic drug produces a distinct pharmaco-EEG profile compared with placebo
- Sedative neuroleptics raise delta and theta and lower alpha, while nonsedative neuroleptics such as haloperidol raise alpha and alpha-adjacent beta
- Anxiolytic sedatives increase beta and reduce alpha; psychostimulants mainly increase alpha and beta-1
- LORETA imaging of 3 mg haloperidol, 20 mg citalopram, 2 mg lorazepam and 20 mg methylphenidate showed different brain regions affected
A review of how quantitative pharmaco-EEG, EEG mapping and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) can classify psychotropic drugs and show their effects on the brain. Drawing on many double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in the authors' laboratory covering over 130 substances, it describes typical EEG profiles of neuroleptics, antidepressants, tranquilizers, hypnotics, psychostimulants and cognition-enhancing drugs. LORETA data for representative drugs show that these drug classes affect brain structures differently.