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Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

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Check out this Knowledge Base article from StressTherapy Solutions: Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Study at a glance

Area
Depression & Mood
Study type
Review & meta-analysis
Authors
Anglin RES, Samaan Z, Walter SD, McDonald SD
Journal
British Journal of Psychiatry
Year
2013
Participants
14 studies, 31,424 participants
Population
Adults
Protocol
systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Key findings

  • 14 studies with a combined 31,424 participants were analyzed
  • Vitamin D levels were lower in people with depression than in controls (SMD = 0.60, 95% CI 0.23-0.97)
  • Cross-sectional studies showed higher odds of depression in the lowest vs highest vitamin D groups (OR = 1.31)
  • Cohort studies showed a higher hazard of later depression with low vitamin D (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.40-3.49)

DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.106666 → PubMed 23377209 →

A systematic review and meta-analysis asking whether low vitamin D is linked to depression in adults. The authors pooled one case-control, ten cross-sectional and three cohort studies. People with depression had lower vitamin D levels than controls, and those in the lowest vitamin D groups had higher odds and risk of depression. The authors conclude the evidence fits an association and call for randomized controlled trials to test whether the link is causal.